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<title>14 CLINICAL STUDIES </title>
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<title>14.1 Intravenous Administration in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE </title>
<text>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="underline">Trial Design and Population</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>The safety and efficacy of SAPHNELO were evaluated in three 52-week treatment period, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Trial 1 [NCT01438489], Trial 2 [NCT02446912] and Trial 3 [NCT02446899]). Patients were diagnosed with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology (1982 revised) classification criteria. All patients were ≥18 years of age and had moderate to severe disease, with a SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score ≥6 points, organ level involvement based on the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) assessment, and a Physician’s Global Assessment [PGA] score ≥1, despite receiving standard SLE therapy consisting of either one or any combination of oral corticosteroids (OCS), antimalarials and/or immunosuppressants at baseline. Patients continued to receive their existing SLE therapy at stable doses during the clinical trials, with the exception of OCS (prednisone or equivalent) where tapering was a component of the protocol. Patients who had severe active lupus nephritis and patients who had severe active central nervous system lupus were excluded. The use of other biologic agents and cyclophosphamide were not permitted during the trials; patients receiving other biologic therapies were required to complete a wash-out period of at least 5 half‑lives prior to enrollment. All three trials were conducted in North America, Europe, South America and Asia. Patients received SAPHNELO or placebo, administered by intravenous infusion, every 4 weeks.</paragraph>
<paragraph>Efficacy of SAPHNELO was established based on assessment of clinical response using the composite endpoints, the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) and the SLE Responder Index (SRI‑4).</paragraph>
<paragraph>BICLA response at Week 52, was defined as improvement in all organ domains with moderate or severe activity at baseline:</paragraph>
<list listType="unordered">
<item>
<caption>•</caption>Reduction of all baseline BILAG A to B/C/D and baseline BILAG B to C/D, and no BILAG worsening in other organ systems, as defined by ≥1 new BILAG A or ≥2 new BILAG B;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No worsening from baseline in SLEDAI-2K, where worsening is defined as an increase from baseline of >0 points in SLEDAI-2K;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No worsening from baseline in patients’ lupus disease activity, where worsening is defined by an increase ≥0.30 points on a 3-point PGA visual analogue scale (VAS);</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No discontinuation of treatment;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No use of restricted medication beyond the protocol-allowed threshold.</item>
</list>
<paragraph>SRI‑4 response, was defined as meeting each of the following criteria at Week 52 compared with baseline:</paragraph>
<list listType="unordered">
<item>
<caption>•</caption>Reduction from baseline of ≥4 points in the SLEDAI-2K;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No new organ system affected as defined by 1 or more BILAG A or 2 or more BILAG B items compared to baseline;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No worsening from baseline in the patients’ lupus disease activity defined by an increase ≥0.30 points on a 3‑point PGA VAS;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No discontinuation of treatment;</item>
<item>
<caption>•</caption>No use of restricted medication beyond the protocol-allowed threshold.</item>
</list>
<paragraph>Trial 1 randomized 305 patients (1:1:1) who received SAPHNELO, 300 mg or 1000 mg, or placebo once every 4 weeks for up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was a combined assessment of the SRI-4 and the sustained reduction in OCS (<10 mg/day and ≤OCS dose at Week 1, sustained for 12 weeks) measured at Week 24.</paragraph>
<paragraph>Trial 2 and 3 were similar in design. Trial 2 randomized 457 patients (1:2:2) who received SAPHNELO 150 mg, 300 mg once every 4 weeks or placebo. Trial 3 randomized 362 patients (1:1) who received SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks or placebo. The primary endpoints were improvement in disease activity evaluated at 52 weeks, measured by SRI‑4 in Trial 2 and BICLA in Trial 3 (defined above). The common secondary efficacy endpoints included in both trials were the maintenance of OCS reduction, improvement in cutaneous SLE activity, and flare rate. During Weeks 8-40, patients with a baseline OCS ≥10 mg/day were required to taper their OCS dose to ≤7.5 mg/day, unless there was worsening of disease activity. Both trials evaluated the efficacy of SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks versus placebo; a dose of 150 mg was also evaluated for dose-response in Trial 2.</paragraph>
<paragraph>Patient demographics and disease characteristics were generally similar and balanced across treatment arms (Table 2).</paragraph>
<table styleCode="Noautorules" width="100%">
<caption>Table 2 Demographics and Baseline Characteristics of Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE in Trials 1, 2, and 3</caption>
<col width="32%"/>
<col width="18%"/>
<col width="25%"/>
<col width="25%"/>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Total Population</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 1</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=305)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 2</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=457)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 3</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=362)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Mean Age (years)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>40</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>41</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>42</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Female (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>93</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>92</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>93</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">White (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>42</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>71</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>60</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Black/African American (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>13</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>14</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>12</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Asian (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>7</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>5</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>17</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Hispanic or Latino (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>42</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>19</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>30</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Baseline SLEDAI-2K score</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> Mean (SD)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>10.9 (4.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>11.3 (3.72)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>11.5 (3.76)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> ≥10 points, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>182 (60)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>328 (72)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>260 (72)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">BILAG organ system scoring (Overall)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> At least one A, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>152 (50)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>217 (48)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>176 (49)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> No A and at least 2 Bs, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>134 (44)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>211 (46)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>169 (47)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Positive Anti-dsDNA levels, n (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>185 (77)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>207 (45)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>159 (44)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Abnormal ANA, n (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>299 (98)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>412 (90)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>325 (90)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Abnormal Complement C3 level, n (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>119 (39)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>157 (34)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>144 (40)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Abnormal Complement C4 level, n (%)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>74 (24)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>95 (21)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>95 (26)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Baseline SLE treatment</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> OCS, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>258 (85)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>381 (83)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>292 (81)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph> Antimalarials, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>219 (72)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>334 (73)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>252 (70)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top">
<paragraph> Immunosuppressants, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>150 (49)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>214 (47)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>174 (48)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<paragraph>Randomization was stratified by disease severity (SLEDAI-2K score at baseline, <10 vs ≥10 points), OCS dose on Day 1 (<10 mg/day vs ≥10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) and interferon gene signature test results (high vs low).</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="underline">Trials 1, 2, and 3 Results</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>Although other intravenous SAPHNELO dosages were studied in Trials 1 and 2, only data for the approved intravenous SAPHNELO dosage of 300 mg every 4 weeks are presented below.</paragraph>
<paragraph>The reduction in disease activity seen in the BICLA and SRI-4 was related primarily to improvement in the mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal organ systems. Flare rate was reduced in SAPHNELO patients compared to placebo patients although the difference was not statistically significant.</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="italics">BICLA</content> <content styleCode="italics">responder analysis</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>BICLA was the primary endpoint in Trial 3, SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful efficacy in overall disease activity compared with placebo, with greater improvements in all components of the composite endpoint. In Trial 1 and 2, BICLA was a pre-specified analysis. The BICLA results are presented in Table 3.</paragraph>
<table width="100%">
<caption>Table 3 BICLA Response Rate at Week 52 in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE in Trials 1, 2, and 3</caption>
<col width="20%"/>
<col width="14%"/>
<col width="13%"/>
<col width="14%"/>
<col width="12%"/>
<col width="14%"/>
<col width="14%"/>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 1</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184127397">Not formally tested in a pre-specified testing scheme and findings should be interpreted with caution.</footnote>
<footnote ID="_Ref184127481">Based on post hoc analysis. </footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 2</content>
<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref184127397"/>
<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref184127481"/>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 3</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184127524">Primary endpoint.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=99)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=102)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold"> (N=180)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=184)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold"> (N=180)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=182)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">BICLA Response Rate</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184127535">In all 3 trials, patients who discontinued investigational product or initiated restricted medications beyond the protocol-specified thresholds are considered non-responders. For consistency, the results presented for Trial 2 represent the post-hoc analysis using the restricted medication thresholds as defined in Trial 3.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>Responder, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>54 (54.6)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>27 (25.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>85 (47.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>55 (30.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>86 (47.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>57 (31.5)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>Difference in Response Rates (95% CI)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>28.8 (15.7, 41.9)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>17.0 (7.2, 26.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>16.3 (6.3, 26.3)</paragraph>
<paragraph>p-value=0.001</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Components of BICLA Response</content>
<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref184127535"/>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>BILAG Improvement, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>54 (54.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>28 (27.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>85 (47.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>58 (31.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>88 (48.9)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>59 (32.4)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>No Worsening of SLEDAI-2K, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>73 (73.7)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>61 (59.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>121 (67.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>104 (56.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>122 (67.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>94 (51.6)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>No Worsening of PGA, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>76 (76.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>62 (60.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>117 (65.0)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>105 (57.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>122 (67.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>95 (52.2)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" valign="top">
<paragraph>The response rates and associated difference and 95% CI are calculated using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel approach adjusted for stratification factors. The reported percentages for the components are unadjusted.</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<paragraph>In Trial 3, examination of subgroups by age, race, gender, ethnicity, disease severity [SLEDAI-2K at baseline], and baseline OCS use did not identify differences in response to SAPHNELO.</paragraph>
<paragraph>Figure 1 shows the proportion of BICLA responders through the 52-week treatment period in Trial 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Figure 1 Trial 3: Proportion (%) of BICLA Responders in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE by Visit*</content>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph>
<content styleCode="italics">SRI-4 responder analysis</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>SRI-4 was the primary endpoint in Trial 2, treatment with SAPHNELO did not result in statistically significant improvements over placebo. In Trials 1 and 3, SRI-4 was a pre-specified analysis. The SRI-4 results are presented in Table 4.</paragraph>
<table width="100%">
<caption>Table 4 SRI-4 Response Rate at Week 52 in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE in Trials 1, 2, and 3</caption>
<col width="22%"/>
<col width="16%"/>
<col width="12%"/>
<col width="14%"/>
<col width="11%"/>
<col width="15%"/>
<col width="11%"/>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 1</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184138958">Not formally tested in a pre-specified testing scheme and findings should be interpreted with caution.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 2</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184139018">Primary endpoint.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Trial 3</content>
<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref184138958"/>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks (N=99)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=102)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks (N=180)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=184)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 300 mg once every 4 weeks (N=180)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=182)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SRI-4 Response Rate</content>
<footnote ID="_Ref184139106">In all 3 trials, patients who discontinued investigational product or initiated restricted medications beyond the protocol-specified thresholds are considered non-responders. For consistency, the results presented for Trial 2 represent the post-hoc analysis using the restricted medication thresholds as defined in Trial 3. The most commonly involved SLEDAI-2K organ domains were mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal and immune.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>Responder, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>62 (62.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>41 (38.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>88 (49.0)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>79 (43.0)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>100 (55.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>68 (37.3)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>Difference in Response Rates (95% CI)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>24.0 (10.9, 37.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>6.0 (-4.2, 16.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<paragraph>18.2 (8.1, 28.3)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Components of SRI-4 Response</content>
<footnoteRef IDREF="_Ref184139106"/>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>SLEDAI-2K improvement, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>62 (62.6)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>41 (40.2)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>89 (49.4)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>80 (43.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>101 (56.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>71 (39.0)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>No worsening of BILAG, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>75 (75.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>61 (59.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>119 (66.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>105 (57.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>125 (69.4)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>94 (51.6)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>No worsening of PGA, n (%)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>76 (76.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>62 (60.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>117 (65.0)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>105 (57.1)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>122 (67.8)</paragraph>
</td>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>95 (52.2)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" valign="top">
<paragraph>The response rates and associated difference and 95% CI are calculated using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel approach adjusted for stratification factors. The reported percentages for the components are unadjusted.</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="italics">Effect on Concomitant Steroid Treatment</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>In Trial 3, among the 47% of patients with a baseline OCS use ≥10 mg/day, SAPHNELO demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients able to reduce OCS use by at least 25% to ≤7.5 mg/day at Week 40 and maintain the reduction through Week 52 (p-value = 0.004); 52% (45/87) of patients in the SAPHNELO group versus 30% (25/83) in the placebo group achieved this level of steroid reduction (difference 21% [95% CI 6.8, 35.7]). Consistent trends in favor of SAPHNELO compared to placebo, on effect of reduction of OCS use, were observed in Trial 1 and 2, but the difference was not statistically significant.</paragraph>
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<section ID="ID_77d1d46d-b690-4eaf-b40d-c20c8cc7537e">
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<title>14.2 Subcutaneous Administration in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE </title>
<text>
<paragraph>The safety and efficacy of SAPHNELO administered subcutaneously were evaluated in a 52-week treatment period, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Trial 5 [NCT04877691]). All patients were ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology (1997 revised) classification criteria, and had moderate to severe disease, with a SLEDAI-2K score ≥6 points, organ level involvement based on BILAG assessment, and a PGA score ≥1, despite receiving standard SLE therapy consisting of either one or any combination of OCS, antimalarials and/or immunosuppressants at baseline. Patients continued to receive their existing SLE therapy at stable doses during the trial, with the exception of OCS (prednisone or equivalent) where tapering was a component of the protocol. Patients who had severe active lupus nephritis or severe active central nervous system lupus were excluded. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive SAPHNELO 120 mg plus standard therapy or placebo plus standard therapy by subcutaneous injection once every week. Randomization was stratified by SLEDAI‑2K score at baseline (<10 vs ≥10 points), OCS dose on Day 1 (<10 mg/day vs ≥10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) and interferon gene signature test results (high vs low).</paragraph>
<paragraph>A pre-specified interim analysis was conducted when the first 220 randomized patients completed Week 52 or had withdrawn from the trial. Of these, 89% were female, 45% Hispanic or Latino, 78% White, 7% American Indian or Alaska Native, 7% Asian, and 4% Black/African American. The mean age was 43 years. At baseline, the mean SLEDAI‑2K score was 10.9 (SD: 3.4) and 67% had high disease activity (SLEDAI‑2K score ≥10), 45% had severe disease (BILAG A) in at least 1 organ system and 50% had moderate disease (BILAG B) in at least 2 organ systems. The most commonly affected organ systems (BILAG A or B at baseline) were the musculoskeletal (95%) and mucocutaneous (92%) systems; 2% cardiorespiratory and 2% renal organ domain involvement. At baseline, 95% had abnormal ANA, 40% were positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies; 33% of patients had abnormal C3, and 24% abnormal C4. Background SLE standard therapy included OCS (82%; mean daily dose, prednisone or equivalent, 9.8 mg), immunosuppressants (56%), and anti-malarials (80%). During Weeks 8-40, patients with a baseline OCS ≥10 mg/day were required to taper their OCS dose to ≤7.5 mg/day, unless there was worsening of disease activity.</paragraph>
<paragraph>The primary endpoint was BICLA response rate measured at Week 52. At the interim analysis, SAPHNELO by subcutaneous administration demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction of overall disease activity compared with placebo (Table 5).</paragraph>
<table width="100%">
<caption>Table 5 BICLA Response Rate at Week 52 in Adults with Moderate to Severe SLE in Trial 5</caption>
<col width="36%"/>
<col width="32%"/>
<col width="31%"/>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top"/>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">SAPHNELO 120 mg once weekly</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=109)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Botrule Lrule Toprule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Placebo</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">(N=111)</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">BICLA Response</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="middle">
<list listType="ordered">
<item>
<caption> </caption>Responder, n (%)<footnote ID="_Ref184320364">Per protocol, patients who used restricted medications beyond the protocol-specified thresholds, discontinued investigational product or died were considered non-responders.</footnote>
</item>
</list>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>64 (58.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>48 (43.2)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<list listType="ordered">
<item>
<caption> </caption>Difference in Response Rates, % (95% CI)</item>
</list>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>15.3 (2.1, 28.5)</paragraph>
<paragraph>p-value=0.0231<footnote ID="_Ref227590038">Based on an interim analysis using Pocock alpha spending function with an information fraction of 0.6. The primary endpoint was tested at the alpha level of 0.0354 at the interim analysis.</footnote>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>
<content styleCode="bold">Components of BICLA Response</content>
</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<list listType="ordered">
<item>
<caption> </caption>BILAG Improvement, n (%)</item>
</list>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>64 (58.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>48 (43.3)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<list listType="ordered">
<item>
<caption> </caption>No Worsening of SLEDAI-2K, n (%)</item>
</list>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>80 (73.4)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>77 (68.9)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<list listType="ordered">
<item>
<caption> </caption>No Worsening of PGA, n (%)</item>
</list>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>80 (73.5)</paragraph>
</td>
<td align="center" styleCode="Rrule Lrule Toprule Botrule " valign="top">
<paragraph>78 (70.0)</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" styleCode="Toprule " valign="top">
<paragraph>The response rates, associated difference, and 95% CI are calculated using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel approach adjusted for stratification factors.</paragraph>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<paragraph>Subgroup analysis by disease severity (based on baseline SLEDAI-2K, <10 points, ≥10 points) and baseline OCS use (<10 mg/day, ≥10 mg/day) did not identify differences in response to SAPHNELO.</paragraph>
</text>
<effectiveTime value="20260424"/>
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